Otologic disorders and management strategies in Turner syndrome / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of otologic disorders in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), so as to provide management strategies for ear health. Methods: This study is a prospective study based on questionnaires and a cross-sectional study. The TS patients who visited our hospital from 2010 January to 2021 March were included (A total of 71 patients with TS were included in this study. the age of TS diagnosed was 3- to 11-year-old, age of visiting ENT department was 4- to 27-year-old) and the incidence of otologic diseases in different age groups was investigated by questionnaires. The cross-sectional study included ear morphology and auditory function assessment, and further analysis of the risk factors that related to ear disease. Prism was used for data analysis. Results: The investigation found that the incidence of acute otitis media in patients aged 3-6 and 7-12 years was higher than that of patients over 12 years old, which was 33.8%(24/71), 42.9%(30/70)and 23.5%(8/34), respectively; 21.1% (15/71) of patients were recurrent acute otitis media in patients aged 3-6 years, and about 46.6% (7/15)of them persisted beyond 6-year. The prevalence of otitis media with effusion in the three groups was 32.4%(23/71), 34.3%(24/70)and 38.2%(13/34), respectively; the recurrence rate of tympanocentesis was 100%(7/7), 42.9%(3/7)and 50.0%(1/2), which was significantly higher than that of grommet insertion. For age groups of 3-6 and 7-12 years, the prevalence of acute otitis media and secretory otitis media was lower in the X chromosome structure abnormal patients; while for patients older than 12 years, otitis media with effusion was the highest prevalence in Y-chromosome-containing karyotypes. In addition, the prevalence of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion in patients with other system diseases were increased significantly. A cross-sectional study found that 7.0% (5/71)of the lower auricular, 4.2% (3/71)of the external auditory canal narrow, and 38.0% (27/71)of the tympanic membrane abnormality. 35.2%(25/71) had abnormal hearing, including 17 cases of conductive deafness, 6 cases of sensorineural hearing loss, and 2 cases of mixed deafness. The rest of the patients had normal hearing, but 6 of them had abnormalities in otoacoustic emission. Eustachian tube function assessment found that the eustachian tube dysfunction accounted for 38%(27/71). Hearing loss and abnormal Eustachian tube function were not significantly related to karyotype(Chi-square 2.83 and 2.84,P value 0.418 and 0.417), but significantly related to other system diseases(Chi-square 13.43 and 7.53,P value<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of TS-related otitis media and auditory dysfunction is significantly higher than that of the general population. It not only occurs in preschool girls, but also persists or develops after school age. Accompanied by other system diseases are risk factors for ear diseases. Clinicians should raise their awareness of TS-related ear diseases and incorporate ear health monitoring into routine diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical diagnosis and treatment features of Maisonneuve fracture and analysis of clinical outcome of 15 patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical diagnosis and treatment features of Maisonneuve fractures (maisonneuve fractures of the fibula, MFF), and evaluate its clinical effects.@*METHODS@#From March 2017 to June 2018, 15 patients with MFF were treated with operation, including 9 males and 6 females, aged from 27 to 54 years old with an average of (35.00±7.46) years old, the time from injury to operation ranged from 5 to 8 days with an average of (6.33±1.04) days. All the fractures were fresh and closed injury. The time of bone union and postoperative complications were observed, and AOFAS score was used to evaluate recovery of ankle joint function at 12 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from12 to 28 months with an average of (17.00±3.79) months. Four patients were misdiagnosed. All fractures were obtained bone union from 4 to 6 months with an average of (4.80±0.94) months. No postoperative complications such as infection, delayed union or nonunion occurred. Postoperative AOFAS score at 12 months was 90.23±7.27, among which 9 patients got excellent result, 3 good, and 3 fair.@*CONCLUSION@#Maisonneuve fracture is an unstable fracture. High fibular fracture and the separation of the lower tibia and fibula could be easily neglected, which could lead to misdiagnosis and missed care. Surgical treatment could recover anatomical relation of the lower tibia and fibula and ankle mortise, and obtain satisfying clinical effect.

Clinical characteristics of patients with acute renal infarction: an analysis of 52 patients in a single center / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute renal infarction (ARI) and explore the possible clinical and/or laboratory parameters relative to hematuria.@*METHODS@#Medical records of 52 patients hospitalized with radiologic proven ARI were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, including demographic data, risk factors for thromboembolism, initial clinical presentations, laboratory data, diagnosis, treatment programs and outcomes were evaluated and compared between hematuria(+) and hematuria(-) patients.@*RESULTS@#The mean age of the patients (34 men and 18 women) was (56.3±14.8) years. The left, right, and bilateral kidneys were involved in 44.2%, 34.6% and 21.2% of the patients, respectively. Focal, multiple and massive infarctions were involved in 36.5%, 50.0% and 13.5% of the patients. The prevalence of concurrent thromboembolic events was 38.5%. Atrial fibrillation was complicated in 44.2% of the patients. ARI often presented with nonspecific symptoms, including abdominal/flank pain (71.2%), nausea (55.8%), lumbar pain (53.9%), vomiting (48.1%), fever (48.1%), and diarrhea (21.2%). Percussion tenderness over kidney region was the most common sign (40.4%). The levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein were elevated in 86.5%, 67.3%, and 54.5% of cases, respectively. Hematuria was detected in only 38.5% of the cases on admission. Elevation of serum D-dimer was only noted in 56.5% of the patients. The median duration from hospital presentation to diagnosis was 41.5 h (range: 2-552 h). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was diagnostic in 47 (90.4%) cases. Angiography was positive in the other 5 (9.6%) cases. Anticoagulation was the most common therapy. During a mean follow-up of (39.4±35.8) months, renal functions of most patients were stable. Four patients needed permanent dialysis and one patient died of heart failure. There was no statistical significance between hematuria (+) group and hematuria (-) group for all the parameters except the level of serum lactate dehydrogenase, which was higher in hematuria(+) group [773.5 IU/L (range: 153.0-3 159.0 IU/L) vs. 488.0 IU/L (range: 137.0-3 370.0 IU/L), P=0.041].@*CONCLUSION@#Thromboembolism due to heart disease is the main etiology of ARI. Early contrastenhanced computed tomography scan should be considered for high-risk patients with persisting abdominal or lumbar pain and elevated serum level of lactate dehydrogenase. Hematuria is not a sensitive clue for diagnosis and is not relative to prognosis. Whether it is present may be determined by the severity of infarction.

Effect of Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Function: A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT) on respiratory muscle strength and clinical outcomes for machinery ventilates patients. Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang Database, CNKI and VIP were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effect of TIMT on respiratory muscle strength and clinical outcomes from establishment to July 1st, 2018. Two researchers strictly evaluated literature quality and extracted information, and then a Meta-analysis was carried out. Results:A total of 14 literatures were included with 650 patients, 323 cases in the experimental group and 327 cases in the control group. Compared with the control group, the massive inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased (MD = -6.65, 95%CI -8.27~-5.03, P < 0.001), the respiratory muscle strength increased (MD = -5.04, 95%CI -7.68~-2.04, P = 0.0002), the weaning time reduced (MD = -1.01, 95%CI -1.65~-0.37, P = 0.002), the mechanical ventilation time shortened (MD= -2.24, 95%CI -4.33~-0.15, P = 0.04), as well as the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (MD= -3.41, 95%CI -6.06~-0.76, P= 0.01). There was no significant difference in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (MD= 1.22, 95%CI -6.55~9.00, P = 0.76), the rate of reintubation/tracheotomy (RR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.56~1.73, P = 0.96) and mortality (RR= 1.05, 95%CI 0.53~2.06, P = 0.89) between two groups. Conclusion:TIMP could improve MIP and respiratory muscle strength of patients with mechanical ventilation, shorten the weaning time, the mechanical ventilation time and the ICU length of stay, and then reduce the incidence of weaning failure.

Clinical analysis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus infection patients / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To improve the understanding of the clinical features of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-human immunodeficiency virus (non-HIV) infection patients and reduce delay in diagnosis, or misdiagnosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical features, imaging characteristics, laboratory examinations, treatment and prognosis of 34 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected from Peking University First Hospital from June 1997 to June 2016.@*RESULTS@#There were 34 cases diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis, including 22 males and 12 females, aged from 20 to 75 years [average: (50.1±15.0) years]. There were 16 cases with host factors and (or) underlying diseases named immunocompromised group. In the study, 67.6% patients had clinical symptoms while 32.4% patients had no symptoms. The most common symptoms included cough, fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis in sequence. Common chest imaging findings were patchy infiltrates, consolidation, single or multiple nodular or masses shadows. Among the 20 cases with cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen detection, 19 were positive. Eleven cases underwent routine cerebrospinal fluid examination, and 3 cases complicated with central nervous system cryptococcal infection. At first visit, 24 cases were misdiagnosed, among which, 11 cases were misdiagnosed as lung cancer. The diagnosis of 15 cases was proved by percutaneous lung biopsy and 11 were confirmed by surgery, while 8 were diagnosed clinically. Then 11 cases were treated by surgical resection, and in median 4 years' followp, there was 1 case of recurrence. And 23 cases were treated with antifungal therapy, and in median 8 years' follow-up, 3 cases lost to the follow-up and 1 case of recurrence. Compared with normal immune group, immunocompromised patients had higher ages (P=0.017), more crackles (P=0.006) and more percentage of increase of peripheral white blood cells or neutrophils (P=0.003), but no significant difference in symptoms, imaging characteristics or hospitalization time.@*CONCLUSION@#There were no specific clinical symptoms and signs for pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-HIV patients. Diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis depends on pathology. Percutaneous lung biopsy was mostly recommended for clinical highly suspected patients. Cryptoeoccal capsular polysaccharide antigen detection had a high sensitivity for the clinical diagnosis. Antifungal drug therapy was the major treatment, and the prognosis of the most patients was good.

Treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with three-dimensional reduction method and external fixation devices under analgesia / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects between open reduction internal fixation and three-dimensional reduction with external fixation under analgesia in treating fresh thoracolumbar fractures, and explore the simple and effective method for thoracolumbar fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 40 patients with thoracolumbar fractures who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the department of orthopaedics affiliated to Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from February 2013 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to therapeutic methods, the patients were devided into treatment group and control group, 20 cases in each group. Treatment group was treated by three-dimensional reduction method and external fixation devices under analgesia, and control group was treated by open reduction and common spinal fixation system. In treatment group, there were 9 males and 11 females, aged from 26 to 68 years old with an average of (52.8±11.3) years; and in control group, there were 10 males and 10 females, aged from 26 to 64 years old with an average of(50.6±8.8) years. Anterior vertebral body compression(AVBC), Cobb angle and visual analogue scale(VAS) were measured and compared in two group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 40 patients finished follow-up. The follow-up time in treatment group was 5 to 37 months with average of (16.1±8.8) months, in control group was 5 to 29 months with an average of(17.3±6.0) months. There was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05). AVBC, Cobb angle, VAS score were obviously improved in all patients after treatment(<0.05), but there were no significant difference between two groups(>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Clinical effect of two methods was similar in treating thoracolumbar fractures, but three-dimensional reduction and external fixation devices under analgesia has advantage of easy operation, smaller trauma and no need secondary surgery for removed internal fixation.</p>

Acetylation of decorin can enhance the stability and function of decorin protein in renal mesangial cells of rats / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To detect the acetylation of decorin (DCN) and its influence on DCN ubiquitination in mesangial cells in rats.Methods Mesangial cells of rats were cultured in vitro.The immunoprecipitation,Western blot assay and RT-PCR were used to determine the acetylation of DCN.Results DCN was acetylated in renal mesangial cells in rats.The acetylated DCN promoted its stability via inhibiting of its degradation through polyubiquitination.Moreover,transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and type Ⅳ collagen expression of mesangial cells decreased,and cell growth was inhibited when acetylation of DCN was enhanced in mesangial cells.Conclusions Acetylation of DCN inhibited DCN ubiquitination degradation,which enhances DCN's antagonistic effect against nephritis.These results may provide a potential target for further study of prevention and treatment of mesangial cell proliferative glomerulonephritis.

SCCmec resistant mechanism, toxicity and prevalence in livestock-associate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / 中国人兽共患病学报

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequently encountered zoonotic pathogens.This bacterium produces the notable virulence factors such as hemolysin,panton-valentine leucocidin,exfoliative toxins and enterotoxin,which can cause invasive disease in humans and animals.Methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant bacterium which acquired the staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec).SCCmec is one of the key reasons for the antibiotic resistance of MRSA.As for MRSA resistance,the β-1actam resistance is mediated by mecA gene,and the drug-resistance genes inserted in the variable area of the SCCmec element play an important role in the multidrug resistance of MRSA.In recent years,it has been reported in Europe,North America and other countries that the multidrug resistance MRSA was detected in aquaculture environment and livestock.Besides,MRSA poses a serious threat to public health,and it can colonize and cause invasive disease in humans through aquaculture environment or other ways.This review summarizes drug resistance change of S.aureus and analysis of SCCmec resistance elements,toxicity and prevalence of livestock-associate MRSA,which would have theoretical and practical significance to understand S.aureus drug resistance,SCCmec typing,as well as control and prevent LA-MRSA transmission and infection between animals and humans.

Development of new-type landmine sweeping protective outfit / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To optimize GGF110 landmine sweeping protective outfit to improve its wearing comfort and environmental adaptability.Methods With considerations on protection performances the outfit was improved from its size, structure,humanization design and manufacturing technique,which was composed of helmet and mask,protective clothing, mine boots and protective gloves. The protective clothing was made up of an upper piece, a vest, a jockstrap and a lower piece.Results The mine boots with the existed protection performances was optimized in increased walking stability while decreased possibilities to trigger GLD111 antipersonnel mine; the protective clothing was improved in comfort and convenience with the protection performance kept the same;the helmet and mask had the problems of giddiness or dizziness due to light reflecting as well as forward head gravity center resulting from unbalanced weight;the protective gloves met the tactical and technical requirements and ensured the flexibility when mine detection and sweeping were carried out. Conclusion The outfit with high protecting performances is enhanced in comfort, safety and adaptability, and thus can be used for mine sweeping by military forces.

Feasibility study of the use of left atrial appendage occluder LACBES with animal experiment / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To introduce a self-developed left atrial appendage occluder,LACBES,and to explore the clinical feasibility of using it for the occlusion of left atrial appendage (LAA).Methods Eight healthy canines were used in this experimental study.The LAA of each canine was occluded with LACBES occluder through trans-femoral vein approach.After the procedure of occlusion,the compression ratio of the occluder was calculated,the residual shunt was assessed by left atrial angiography.The left atrium pressure was monitored before and after the procedure,and the immediate effect of LAA occlusion on the left atrium pressure was statistically analyzed.Results Implantation of LACBES occluder was successfully accomplished in all the eight canines.The compression ratio of the occluders ranged from 10％ to 15％.Small amount of postoperative residual shunt was detected in one canine.After occlusion two canines died of procedure-related complications,including shifting of occluder and formation of hematoma at puncturing site.No device-associated death occurred.After occlusion,the left atrial systolic pressure increased instantly,which went up from preoperative (25.4±2.8) mmHg to postoperative (27.5±3.4) mmHg (P＜0.05),but it returned to the baseline of (25.4±2.8) mmHg within 15 minutes.Conclusion For the occlusion of LAA,the use of LACBES occluder carries higher instant success rate and lower residual shunt rate with less device-associated complications,although the left atrial systolic pressure has a transient rising immediately after the occlusion.Therefore,it is expected that LACBES will be able to be applied in clinical practice.

Percutaneous poking reduction with bone grafting and limited internal fixation for the treatment of calcaneal fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical effects of percutaneous poking reduction with bone grafting and limited internal fixation for the treatment of calcaneal fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2013 to October 2016, 53 patients with closed calcaneal fractures were analyzed, and were divided into treatment group and control group. There were 33 patients in treatment group including 25 males and 8 females, aged from 15 to 82 years old with an average of(44.7±14.2) years old; 17 cases were type II and 16 cases were type III according to Sanders classification; treated by percutaneous poking reduction with bone grafting and limited internal fixation. There were 33 patients in control group, including 20 males aged from 25 to 62 years old with an average of (42.2±11.3) years old; 8 cases were type II and 12 cases were type III according to Sanders classification; treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Imaging indicators, hospital stays and preoperative waiting time were observed and compared, Maryland scoring were applied to evaluate foot function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-three patients were followed up, and treatment group was followed up from 8 to 40 months with an average of (19.9±7.2) months; while control group was followed up from 12 to 40 months with an average of (21.7±7.7) months, and there were not significant differences between two groups in follow-up time (>0.05). There were no obvious meaning in Böhler angles, Gissane angles between two groups (>0.05). There were significant differences in hospital stays and preoperative waiting time(<0.01). There were no significant differences in Maryland score between treatment group(90.45±5.76) and control group(89.10±6.16).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous poking reduction with bone grafting and limited internal fixation for the treatment of calcaneal fractures could obtain satisfied effects, and has advantages of less trauma and complications, rapid recovery and good clinical effects.</p>

Time Series Models for Short Term Prediction of the Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis in Xianyang City, P R China / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To construct a model of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) for forecasting the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China, and provide valuable reference information for JE control and prevention. Methods Theoretically epidemiologic study was employed in the research process. Monthly incidence data on JE for the period from Jan 2005 to Sep 2014 were obtained from a passive surveillance system at the Center for Diseases Prevention and Control in Xianyang, Shaanxi province. An optimal SARIMA model was developed for JE incidence from 2005 to 2013 with the Box and Jenkins approach. This SARIMA model could predict JE incidence for the year 2014 and 2015. Results SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 1)was considered to be the best model with the lowest Bayesian information criterion, Akaike information criterion, Mean Absolute Error values, the highest R, and a lower Mean Absolute Percent Error. SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 1)was stationary and accurate for predicting JE incidence in Xianyang. The predicted incidence, around 0.3/100 000 from June to August in 2014 with low errors, was higher compared with the actual incidence. Therefore, SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 1)appeared to be reliable and accurate and could be applied to incidence prediction. Conclusions The proposed prediction model could provide clues to early identification of the JE incidence that is increased abnormally (≥0.4/100 000). According to the predicted Results in 2014, the JE incidence in Xianyang will decline slightly and reach its peak from June to August.

Academic level assessment of randomized controlled trial abstracts in papers on budesonid adjuvant therapy for children pneumonia / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To assess the academic level of randomized controlled trial abstracts in papers on budesonid adjuvant therapy for children pneumonia and analyze its influencing factors. Methods The randomized controlled tri-al abstracts in papers on budesonid adjuvant therapy for children pneumonia were assessed according to the CON-SORT 2010 Statement and were statistically analyzed using the RevMan 5 . 3 . Results The items with a low reporting rate of the randomized controlled trial abstracts in the 282 papers included in this paper were "title judged as ran-dom","communication author","randomized","blind method","randomized grouping cases","fund-suppor-ted". Hierarchical analysis showed that the number of words in abstracts played an important role in affecting the reported items. Conclusion The academic level of randomized controlled trial abstracts in papers on budesonid adju-vant therapy for children pneumonia is significantly different from that of the abstracts in clinical papers according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement. Researchers should thus use the CONSORT 2010 Statement-defined items in writing their papers in order to improve the academic level and readability of their abstracts.

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of 46 Elderly Patients with Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 46 elderly PTCL patients admitted in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from April 2008 to August 2014 were collected, the clinical features, prognostic factors and treatments, as well as followed-up outcome were analyzed retrospectively. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, and the COX proportional hazard model was used to perform multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival time was 11 months, and the expected 1-year, 2-year and 3-year overall survival rate (OS) was 50%, 36% and 33%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the age, ECOG score, Charlson Comorbidity Index Score, the efficacy and course of chemotherapy were all the prognostic indicators affecting the OS and progression free survival (PFS) in this cohort of elderly patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that ECOG score and course of chemotherapy were the independent prognostic indicators affecting the OS and PFS (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ECOG score and course of chemotherapy are of great significance for predicting the prognosis in elderly PTCL patients. The elderly patients's general condition and completion of a certain intensity of chemotherapy are an important measure to prolong survival time in elderly PTCL patients.</p>

Total triterpenoids from Ganoderma Lucidum suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In this study, one immortalized human normal prostatic epithelial cell line (BPH) and four human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, and DU-145) were treated with Ganoderma Lucidum triterpenoids (GLT) at different doses and for different time periods. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and chemical assays. Gene expression and binding to DNA were assessed using real-time PCR and Western blotting. It was found that GLT dose-dependently inhibited prostate cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. GLT-induced apoptosis was due to activation of Caspases-9 and -3 and turning on the downstream apoptotic events. GLT-induced cell cycle arrest (mainly G1 arrest) was due to up-regulation of p21 expression at the early time and down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and E2F1 expression at the late time. These findings demonstrate that GLT suppresses prostate cancer cell growth by inducing growth arrest and apoptosis, which might suggest that GLT or Ganoderma Lucidum could be used as a potential therapeutic drug for prostate cancer.

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects improves cardiac remodeling and function of adult patients with permanent atrial fibrillation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of dysrhythmia associated with atrial septal defects (ASDs) in patients older than 40 years. However, little is known about cardiac remodeling after transcatheter closure in patients with permanent AF. This study was designed to compare cardiac events and remodeling effects after transcatheter closure in such patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 289 adult patients older than 40 years who underwent ASD closure at our center were analyzed retrospectively. Of them, 63 patients with permanent AF were assigned to the case group, and the other 226 patients without permanent AF were assigned to the control group. Cardiac events and changes in left and right cardiac cavity dimensions before the procedure and 6 months after the procedure were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients in the case group were significantly older than those in the control group. The right ventricular (RV) volume and right atrial (RA) volume were decreased significantly in both the groups during a median follow-up period of 6 months after closure (P < 0.001). The left atrial dimensions, left ventricular end-systolic dimensions, left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and left ventricular ejection fraction showed no significant change before and after the procedure in both the groups. Changes of the RV volume and RA volume in the case group were significantly smaller than those in the control group (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001). The New York Heart Association cardiac function was improved in both the groups during the 6 months follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The transcatheter closure of ASD can improve the cardiac remodeling and cardiac function in patients with or without AF.</p>

Clinical significance and anatomical relationship between the inferior margin of oval window and the endosteum of basal cochlear turn / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety range of drilling and fenestration on promontory inferior to the oval window in difficult stapedectomy via anatomical study of the relationship between the inferior margin of oval window and the endosteum of basal cochlear turn.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By means of histological sections, the distances between the inferior margin of oval window and different locations of endosteum of basal cochlear turn, the corresponding height of the projecting endosteum and the thickness of promontory bone, on three vertical sections through the anterior, posterior and midpoint of the inferior edge of oval window were measured respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The promontory bone inferior to the posterior point of the oval window was thickest, with an average thickness of about 1.1 mm. The endosteum of basal turn at this portion was lowest, with an average height of 0.2 mm. Furthermore, the shortest distance here between the inferior edge of oval window and the endosteum could be no more than 0.3 mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Relatively safe location of drilling on promontory should be selected on promontory inferior to the posterior point of the oval window, with the direction of drilling outward and downward.</p>

Application of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty guidewire in introducing artery sheath and catheter during transradial intervention / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To apply percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) guidewire (0. 014 inch, 1 inch= 2. 54 cm) for introducing a sheath, and to assess its safety and efficacy in completing the transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Twenty-one patients were included in this study. They were scheduled to undergo elective coronary intervention via the radial artery from January 2012 to March 2013, with normal Allen's test results, but the straight guidewire (0. 025 inch) failed to be inserted through the needle after successful puncture of radial artery via Seldinger technique. Then a PTCA guidewire was used to gently access the radial artery instead of the straight guidewire to the brachial artery; the needle was removed and a 6F sheath was introduced into the radial artery over the PTCA guidewire, and the 5F coronary angiography catheter was advanced to the brachial artery, replacing the PTCA guidewire with a guidewire (0. 035 inch). Then the angiography was completed, and the artery sheath was removed immediately after PCI. The access site-related complications including hematomas, perforation, pseudoaneurysm, and vasovagal reaction were observed immediately after operation and for 3 days. Results The 6F sheath were advanced into the radial artery over the PTCA guidewire in all the 21 cases and coronary angiography were successfully completed. And coronary intervention was performed in twelve (57. 1%) patients, with one patient having radial artery spasm. No extravasation of contrast media was noted immediately after operation; no vascular complications (access site bleeding, hematomas, pseudoaneurysm, and vasovagal reaction) were noted 3 days after operation; and the patients had a normal blood pressure after operation. Conclusion When the radial artery is successfully punctured and a straight guidewire (0. 025 inch) failed to be inserted, PTCA guidewire can be used instead to deliver the sheath to complete PCI. The method is safe, effective, and can increase the success rate of puncture of the radial artery and therefore may be an alternative for radial artery puncture.

Clinical observation on effets of high frequency oscillating ventilation on patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of high frequency oscillating ventilation (HFOV) on patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its mechanism. Methods Through self controlled study, in 25 patients who met criteria of ARDS, their PaO2/FiO2, Paw, arterial blood pH, PaCO2, Cst, cadiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), percentage pulmonary shunt (QS/QT), oxygen index (OI) and incidence rate of ventilator associated lung injury (VALI), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) were recorded 1, 3, 5 days before and after HFOV. Results Five days later, X ray examination showed that all of the patients got better. Seven days later, 3 patients died because of original diseases, but their symptoms of ARDS improved. Three days after HFOV treatment, the value of PaO2/FiO2 (172.5±69.8) and Cst (63.4±10.5) increased compared with baseline (95.5±29.5, 31.5±4.5, P0.05). Conclusion HFOV can improve oxygenation index and pulmonary complications of patients with early ARDS.

Expression of neonatal Fc receptor on human nephritis and rat nephritis models / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of neonatal Fc receptor in podocytes in human nephritis and immune-induced rat nephritis models: anti-Thy1.1 nephritis and Heymann nephritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-nine cases of renal biopsies were enrolled from September 2009 to February 2010, including 8 cases of minimal change disease, 4 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 9 cases of membranous nephropathy, 12 cases of IgA nephropathy and 6 cases of lupus nephritis. Five normal kidney tissue samples adjacent to renal clear-cell carcinoma were served as normal controls. Laser capture microdissection and real-time RT-PCR were used to assess the expression level of FcRn mRNA in glomeruli of various glomerulonephritides, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of FcRn by SuperVision method was performed. In addition, rat models of mesangial proliferative nephritis (anti-Thy1.1 nephritis) and passive membranous nephropathy (Heymann nephritis) were established and FcRn was examined in renal tissues by IHC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The FcRn mRNA level in lupus nephritis was statistically higher than that of normal controls (P < 0.05). FcRn protein expression by IHC was seen in lupus nephritis (6/6), membranous nephropathy (6/9) and IgA nephropathy (7/12), significantly higher than that of normal controls (0/5), P < 0.05. Minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis showed minimal or none expression of FcRn (1/8, 0/4 respectively) and not statistically difference from that of normal controls. Furthermore, FcRn expression in podocytes was detected in rat anti-Thy1.1 (3/5) and Heymann nephritis models (2/7) but was not detected in normal controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Expression of FcRn in podocytes was up-regulated in immune-induced human nephritis and rat nephritis models of anti-Thy1.1 nephritis and Heymann nephritis. FcRn may play a role in the development of immune-induced glomerulonephritis.</p>